commit 2498e75594659bcc2ac140ade74dca24ffb4e8d381b42530c719622cadec0a4c
Author: Mukan Erkin <mukanerkin@cw.tr>
Date:   Mon Apr 27 23:06:59 2026 +0300

    init: memleketmeselesi platform — API + migrations
    
    FastAPI + PostgreSQL 16. KYC, issue sistemi, permission/group yönetimi,
    session yönetimi, API client auth (kışla kapısı), officials/persons CRUD.
    Migration 0001–0013 dahil.

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..297c19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.venv/
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+.env
+*.db
+*.sqlite
+/uploads/
+.DS_Store
diff --git a/migrations/0001_locations.sql b/migrations/0001_locations.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a9a7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0001_locations.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+-- Lokasyon hiyerarşisi
+CREATE TYPE location_type AS ENUM (
+    'ulke', 'bolge', 'il', 'ilce', 'bucak', 'belde', 'koy', 'mahalle', 'diger'
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE locations (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    parent_id   BIGINT REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    slug        TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    type        location_type NOT NULL,
+    latitude    NUMERIC(10, 7),
+    longitude   NUMERIC(10, 7),
+    is_active   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_locations_parent ON locations(parent_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_locations_type   ON locations(type);
+
+-- Lokasyon değişiklik geçmişi
+CREATE TABLE location_history (
+    id            BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    location_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    snapshot      JSONB NOT NULL,
+    change_reason TEXT,
+    changed_by    BIGINT,         -- users tablosu kurulunca FK eklenecek
+    changed_at    TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_history_loc ON location_history(location_id);
+
+-- İdari birim türleri
+CREATE TABLE administrative_unit_types (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    slug        TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    description TEXT
+);
+
+-- İdari birimler
+CREATE TABLE administrative_units (
+    id              BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    type_id         BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES administrative_unit_types(id),
+    name            TEXT NOT NULL,
+    established_at  DATE,
+    abolished_at    DATE,
+    is_active       BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_admin_units_type ON administrative_units(type_id);
+
+-- Lokasyon ↔ idari birim eşlemesi
+CREATE TABLE location_administrative_units (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    location_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    unit_id     BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES administrative_units(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    valid_from  DATE NOT NULL,
+    valid_until DATE,
+    UNIQUE (location_id, unit_id, valid_from)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_loc_admin_units_loc  ON location_administrative_units(location_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_loc_admin_units_unit ON location_administrative_units(unit_id);
diff --git a/migrations/0002_users_and_permissions.sql b/migrations/0002_users_and_permissions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..418cfce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0002_users_and_permissions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- KYC durumu
+CREATE TYPE kyc_status AS ENUM ('none', 'pending', 'verified', 'rejected');
+
+-- Kullanıcılar
+CREATE TABLE users (
+    id              BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    email           TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    password_hash   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    kyc_status      kyc_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'none',
+    kyc_verified_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    is_active       BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    last_login_at   TIMESTAMPTZ
+);
+
+-- Kişi profilleri (sahipsiz olabilir)
+CREATE TABLE persons (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    first_name  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    last_name   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    birth_year  SMALLINT,
+    user_id     BIGINT UNIQUE REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_persons_user ON persons(user_id);
+
+-- Organizasyon türleri
+CREATE TYPE organization_type AS ENUM (
+    'ngo', 'siyasi_parti', 'medya', 'sirket', 'resmi_kurum', 'diger'
+);
+
+-- Organizasyon profilleri
+CREATE TABLE organizations (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    type        organization_type NOT NULL DEFAULT 'diger',
+    parent_id   BIGINT REFERENCES organizations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    user_id     BIGINT UNIQUE REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_organizations_parent ON organizations(parent_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_organizations_user   ON organizations(user_id);
+
+-- KYC doğrulama talepleri
+CREATE TYPE verification_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'approved', 'rejected');
+
+CREATE TABLE verification_requests (
+    id            BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id       BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    id_front_path TEXT NOT NULL,
+    id_back_path  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    selfie_path   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    status        verification_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
+    reviewed_by   BIGINT REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    review_note   TEXT,
+    submitted_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    reviewed_at   TIMESTAMPTZ
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_verification_user   ON verification_requests(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_verification_status ON verification_requests(status);
+
+-- İzinler
+CREATE TABLE permissions (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    key         TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,   -- "issue.create", "moderation.assign" vb.
+    description TEXT
+);
+
+-- Yetki grupları
+CREATE TABLE permission_groups (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    description TEXT,
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Grup ↔ izin
+CREATE TABLE group_permissions (
+    group_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES permission_groups(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    permission_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES permissions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (group_id, permission_id)
+);
+
+-- Kullanıcı ↔ grup
+CREATE TABLE user_groups (
+    user_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    group_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES permission_groups(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    granted_by BIGINT REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    granted_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, group_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_user_groups_user  ON user_groups(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_user_groups_group ON user_groups(group_id);
+
+-- location_history.changed_by FK'sini şimdi ekle
+ALTER TABLE location_history
+    ADD CONSTRAINT fk_location_history_user
+    FOREIGN KEY (changed_by) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
diff --git a/migrations/0003_issues.sql b/migrations/0003_issues.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2a657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0003_issues.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+-- Sorun kategorileri
+CREATE TABLE issue_categories (
+    id        BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    parent_id BIGINT REFERENCES issue_categories(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    name      TEXT NOT NULL,
+    slug      TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    icon      TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_categories_parent ON issue_categories(parent_id);
+
+-- Sorun durumu
+CREATE TYPE issue_status AS ENUM (
+    'open', 'in_progress', 'resolved', 'rejected', 'duplicate'
+);
+
+-- Sorunlar
+CREATE TABLE issues (
+    id                   BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    title                TEXT NOT NULL,
+    body                 TEXT NOT NULL,
+    category_id          BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issue_categories(id),
+    location_id          BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id),
+    reporter_id          BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
+    status               issue_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'open',
+    resolution_threshold SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 70,   -- % çözüldü oyu eşiği
+    resolved_at          TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    created_at           TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at           TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issues_category ON issues(category_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issues_location ON issues(location_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issues_reporter ON issues(reporter_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issues_status   ON issues(status);
+
+-- Sorun ↔ yetkili eşlemesi
+CREATE TYPE assignment_source AS ENUM ('system', 'moderator', 'official_claim', 'ai');
+
+CREATE TABLE issue_officials (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    issue_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    person_id   BIGINT REFERENCES persons(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    org_id      BIGINT REFERENCES organizations(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    unit_id     BIGINT REFERENCES administrative_units(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    assigned_by assignment_source NOT NULL DEFAULT 'system',
+    confidence  SMALLINT CHECK (confidence BETWEEN 0 AND 100),
+    assigned_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    CONSTRAINT at_least_one_target CHECK (
+        person_id IS NOT NULL OR org_id IS NOT NULL OR unit_id IS NOT NULL
+    )
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_officials_issue  ON issue_officials(issue_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_officials_person ON issue_officials(person_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_officials_unit   ON issue_officials(unit_id);
+
+-- Oylar
+CREATE TYPE vote_value AS ENUM ('resolved', 'ongoing');
+
+CREATE TABLE issue_votes (
+    id         BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    issue_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    user_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    vote       vote_value NOT NULL,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    UNIQUE (issue_id, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_votes_issue ON issue_votes(issue_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_votes_user  ON issue_votes(user_id);
+
+-- Yorumlar
+CREATE TABLE issue_comments (
+    id         BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    issue_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    user_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    parent_id  BIGINT REFERENCES issue_comments(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    body       TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_deleted BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_comments_issue  ON issue_comments(issue_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_comments_parent ON issue_comments(parent_id);
diff --git a/migrations/0004_officials_and_reports.sql b/migrations/0004_officials_and_reports.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c1383c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0004_officials_and_reports.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+-- Seçimler
+CREATE TYPE election_type AS ENUM (
+    'genel', 'yerel', 'cumhurbaskanligi', 'referandum'
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE elections (
+    id      BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name    TEXT NOT NULL,
+    held_at DATE NOT NULL,
+    type    election_type NOT NULL
+);
+
+-- Görevdeki yetkililer
+CREATE TABLE officials (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    person_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES persons(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    unit_id     BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES administrative_units(id),
+    title       TEXT NOT NULL,
+    started_at  DATE NOT NULL,
+    ended_at    DATE,
+    election_id BIGINT REFERENCES elections(id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_officials_person ON officials(person_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_officials_unit   ON officials(unit_id);
+
+-- Yetkili karnesi (periyodik hesaplanan)
+CREATE TABLE official_stats (
+    id             BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    official_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES officials(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    period_start   DATE NOT NULL,
+    period_end     DATE,
+    open_at_start  INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    new_during     INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    resolved       INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    rejected       INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    score          NUMERIC(5, 2),
+    computed_at    TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    UNIQUE (official_id, period_start)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_official_stats_official ON official_stats(official_id);
+
+-- Sorumluluk kural tablosu (AI + moderatör için)
+CREATE TABLE issue_category_unit_rules (
+    id            BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    category_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issue_categories(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    unit_type_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES administrative_unit_types(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    location_type location_type NOT NULL,
+    confidence    SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 80 CHECK (confidence BETWEEN 0 AND 100),
+    legal_basis   TEXT,
+    notes         TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (category_id, unit_type_id, location_type)
+);
+
+-- Mevzuat (RAG için)
+CREATE TABLE legislation (
+    id             BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    title          TEXT NOT NULL,
+    number         TEXT,
+    published_at   DATE,
+    body           TEXT NOT NULL,
+    embedding_done BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    created_at     TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Rapor türleri
+CREATE TABLE report_types (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    slug        TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    description TEXT,
+    is_active   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE
+);
+
+-- Rapor türü ↔ veri kaynağı
+CREATE TABLE report_data_sources (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,   -- "issue", "vote", "official_stat"
+    unit_price  NUMERIC(10, 6) NOT NULL,
+    description TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE report_type_sources (
+    report_type_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES report_types(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    data_source_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES report_data_sources(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    is_required    BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (report_type_id, data_source_id)
+);
+
+-- Rapor siparişleri
+CREATE TYPE report_order_status AS ENUM (
+    'draft', 'pending_payment', 'processing', 'ready', 'failed', 'expired'
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE report_orders (
+    id               BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id          BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
+    report_type_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES report_types(id),
+    parameters       JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    row_counts       JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    calculated_price NUMERIC(10, 2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    status           report_order_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'draft',
+    paid_at          TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    created_at       TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_report_orders_user   ON report_orders(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_report_orders_status ON report_orders(status);
+
+-- Üretilen rapor dosyaları
+CREATE TABLE report_outputs (
+    id             BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    order_id       BIGINT NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES report_orders(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    file_path      TEXT NOT NULL,
+    file_size      BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    expires_at     TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+    download_count SMALLINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    created_at     TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Ödemeler
+CREATE TYPE payment_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'success', 'failed', 'refunded');
+
+CREATE TABLE payments (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    order_id     BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES report_orders(id),
+    user_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
+    amount       NUMERIC(10, 2) NOT NULL,
+    provider     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    provider_ref TEXT,
+    status       payment_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_payments_order ON payments(order_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_payments_user  ON payments(user_id);
diff --git a/migrations/0005_location_changes.sql b/migrations/0005_location_changes.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5ac129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0005_location_changes.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-- Lokasyon ayrılma kayıtları
+-- Bir lokasyonun hangi kaynaktan ayrıldığını tutar.
+-- Tek kaynaktan ayrılma (Osmaniye←Adana) veya
+-- çok kaynaktan birleşme (Elbistan ili←KMaraş+Malatya+Kayseri) için çoklu satır.
+CREATE TABLE location_splits (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    location_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    source_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    effective_at DATE NOT NULL,
+    notes        TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (location_id, source_id, effective_at)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_splits_location ON location_splits(location_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_splits_source   ON location_splits(source_id);
+
+-- Lokasyon birleşme kayıtları
+-- Bir lokasyonun hangi hedefe birleştirildiğini tutar.
+-- Beyoğlu+Şekeroba→Yeniİlçe gibi çok kaynak tek hedef için çoklu satır.
+CREATE TABLE location_merges (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    source_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    target_id    BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES locations(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT,
+    effective_at DATE NOT NULL,
+    notes        TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (source_id, target_id, effective_at)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_merges_source ON location_merges(source_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_location_merges_target ON location_merges(target_id);
diff --git a/migrations/0006_auth_tokens.sql b/migrations/0006_auth_tokens.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a18a709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0006_auth_tokens.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+CREATE TABLE user_devices (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    device_name  TEXT,                  -- "iPhone 15", "Chrome/Windows" vb.
+    user_agent   TEXT,
+    last_ip      INET,
+    last_seen_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_user_devices_user ON user_devices(user_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE access_tokens (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    device_id    BIGINT REFERENCES user_devices(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    token_hash   TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,  -- SHA-256(token), düz token istemcide
+    expires_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_access_tokens_hash    ON access_tokens(token_hash);
+CREATE INDEX idx_access_tokens_user    ON access_tokens(user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_access_tokens_expires ON access_tokens(expires_at);
+
+CREATE TABLE refresh_tokens (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    device_id    BIGINT REFERENCES user_devices(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    token_hash   TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    used_at      TIMESTAMPTZ,           -- NULL = henüz kullanılmadı
+    revoked      BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    expires_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_refresh_tokens_hash   ON refresh_tokens(token_hash);
+CREATE INDEX idx_refresh_tokens_user   ON refresh_tokens(user_id);
diff --git a/migrations/0007_permissions_refactor.sql b/migrations/0007_permissions_refactor.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d9e4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0007_permissions_refactor.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+-- Eski permissions tablosunu yeniden yapılandır
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS group_permissions CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS permissions CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE permissions (
+    id      BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    module  TEXT NOT NULL,   -- "issue", "kyc", "location", "comment", "*"
+    action  TEXT NOT NULL,   -- "create", "read", "update", "delete", "approve", "assign", "*"
+    description TEXT,
+    UNIQUE (module, action)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE group_permissions (
+    group_id      BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES permission_groups(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    permission_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES permissions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (group_id, permission_id)
+);
+
+-- is_superuser flag — bu gruptaki herkes tüm izinlere sahip
+ALTER TABLE permission_groups ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS is_superuser BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
+
+-- Temel izinleri seed et
+INSERT INTO permissions (module, action, description) VALUES
+  -- wildcard
+  ('*',          '*',        'Tüm modüllerde tüm eylemler'),
+  -- location
+  ('location',   'create',   'Yeni lokasyon ekle'),
+  ('location',   'read',     'Lokasyon detayını gör'),
+  ('location',   'update',   'Lokasyon bilgisi güncelle'),
+  ('location',   'delete',   'Lokasyon sil'),
+  ('location',   'retype',   'Lokasyon tipini değiştir'),
+  ('location',   'reparent', 'Lokasyon hiyerarşisini değiştir'),
+  ('location',   'merge',    'Lokasyonları birleştir'),
+  ('location',   'split',    'Lokasyon ayrılma kaydı ekle'),
+  -- admin_unit
+  ('admin_unit', 'create',   'Yeni idari birim ekle'),
+  ('admin_unit', 'update',   'İdari birim güncelle'),
+  ('admin_unit', 'close',    'İdari birimi kapat'),
+  ('admin_unit', 'assign',   'Lokasyona idari birim ata'),
+  -- issue
+  ('issue',      'create',   'Sorun bildir'),
+  ('issue',      'read',     'Sorun detayını gör'),
+  ('issue',      'update',   'Sorun güncelle'),
+  ('issue',      'delete',   'Sorun sil'),
+  ('issue',      'assign',   'Sorumlu ata'),
+  ('issue',      'resolve',  'Sorunu çözüldü işaretle'),
+  ('issue',      'reject',   'Sorunu reddet'),
+  -- comment
+  ('comment',    'create',   'Yorum yap'),
+  ('comment',    'delete',   'Yorum sil'),
+  -- kyc
+  ('kyc',        'approve',  'KYC başvurusu onayla'),
+  ('kyc',        'reject',   'KYC başvurusu reddet'),
+  ('kyc',        'view',     'KYC belgelerini gör'),
+  -- user
+  ('user',       'read',     'Kullanıcı listesi ve detayı'),
+  ('user',       'suspend',  'Kullanıcıyı askıya al'),
+  ('user',       'assign_group', 'Kullanıcıya grup ata'),
+  -- profile
+  ('profile',    'create',   'Kişi/organizasyon profili oluştur'),
+  ('profile',    'update',   'Profil güncelle'),
+  ('profile',    'delete',   'Profil sil'),
+  -- report
+  ('report',     'create',   'Rapor oluştur'),
+  ('report',     'read',     'Rapor görüntüle'),
+  ('report',     'manage',   'Rapor tiplerini ve fiyatları yönet'),
+  -- moderation
+  ('moderation', 'review',   'İçerik inceleme kuyruğunu gör'),
+  ('moderation', 'action',   'Moderasyon aksiyonu uygula')
+ON CONFLICT (module, action) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- İlk süper kullanıcı grubu
+INSERT INTO permission_groups (name, description, is_superuser)
+VALUES ('Süper Yönetici', 'Tüm izinlere sahip grup', TRUE)
+ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
diff --git a/migrations/0008_permissions_scope.sql b/migrations/0008_permissions_scope.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15321df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0008_permissions_scope.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+-- permissions tablosuna scope kolonu ekle
+-- scope=FALSE → kullanıcının yalnızca kendi içeriğine uygulanır (örn. kendi yorumunu sil)
+-- scope=TRUE  → admin kapsamı, herhangi bir içeriğe uygulanır
+
+ALTER TABLE permissions ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS scope BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
+
+-- Eski unique constraint'i kaldır, scope dahil yeni constraint ekle
+ALTER TABLE permissions DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS permissions_module_action_key;
+ALTER TABLE permissions ADD CONSTRAINT permissions_module_action_scope_key UNIQUE (module, action, scope);
+
+-- Mevcut izinlere scope=FALSE atandı (DEFAULT ile zaten geldi)
+-- Admin scope varyantlarını ekle
+INSERT INTO permissions (module, action, description, scope) VALUES
+  -- comment admin scope
+  ('comment',    'delete',   'Herhangi bir yorumu sil',          TRUE),
+  -- issue admin scope
+  ('issue',      'update',   'Herhangi bir sorunu güncelle',      TRUE),
+  ('issue',      'delete',   'Herhangi bir sorunu sil',           TRUE),
+  -- profile admin scope
+  ('profile',    'update',   'Herhangi bir profili güncelle',     TRUE),
+  ('profile',    'delete',   'Herhangi bir profili sil',          TRUE),
+  -- report admin scope
+  ('report',     'create',   'Herhangi bir kullanıcı için rapor oluştur', TRUE)
+ON CONFLICT (module, action, scope) DO NOTHING;
diff --git a/migrations/0009_session_cleanup.sql b/migrations/0009_session_cleanup.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a060019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0009_session_cleanup.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-- Süresi dolmuş token'ları periyodik temizlemek için index (pg_cron veya uygulama seviyesi cleanup)
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_access_tokens_expires  ON access_tokens(expires_at);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_refresh_tokens_expires ON refresh_tokens(expires_at);
+
+-- Cleanup fonksiyonu — pg_cron yoksa uygulama startup'ında çağrılır
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cleanup_expired_tokens() RETURNS void AS $$
+BEGIN
+    DELETE FROM access_tokens  WHERE expires_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '1 hour';
+    DELETE FROM refresh_tokens WHERE expires_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '1 day' AND (used_at IS NOT NULL OR revoked = TRUE);
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
diff --git a/migrations/0010_kyc_upgrade.sql b/migrations/0010_kyc_upgrade.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c27d34a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0010_kyc_upgrade.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- TC kimlik no şifreli sakla
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS tc_kimlik_enc BYTEA;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS tc_kimlik_hash TEXT; -- SHA-256, tekrar kayıt kontrolü
+
+-- verification_requests: eski path kolonları yerine şifreli blob path'leri + view token
+ALTER TABLE verification_requests ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS enc_key_id TEXT; -- hangi key versiyonu ile şifrelendi
+ALTER TABLE verification_requests ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS rejection_count INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+
+-- Tek seferlik view token'ları (fotoğraf erişimi için)
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kyc_view_tokens (
+    token       TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    request_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES verification_requests(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    created_by  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    expires_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+    used_at     TIMESTAMPTZ
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_kyc_view_tokens_expires ON kyc_view_tokens(expires_at);
diff --git a/migrations/0011_issue_categories_seed.sql b/migrations/0011_issue_categories_seed.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64c80af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0011_issue_categories_seed.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+-- Issue kategorileri seed verisi
+
+INSERT INTO issue_categories (name, slug, icon) VALUES
+    ('Altyapı',             'altyapi',            'wrench'),
+    ('Çevre',               'cevre',              'leaf'),
+    ('Ulaşım',              'ulasim',             'road'),
+    ('Eğitim',              'egitim',             'book'),
+    ('Sağlık',              'saglik',             'heart'),
+    ('Güvenlik',            'guvenlik',           'shield'),
+    ('Sosyal Hizmetler',    'sosyal-hizmetler',   'people'),
+    ('Ekonomi',             'ekonomi',            'currency'),
+    ('Belediye Hizmetleri', 'belediye-hizmetleri','building'),
+    ('Diğer',               'diger',              'dots')
+ON CONFLICT (slug) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- Alt kategoriler — Altyapı
+INSERT INTO issue_categories (parent_id, name, slug, icon)
+SELECT id, 'Su ve Kanalizasyon', 'altyapi-su',       'droplet' FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'altyapi'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Elektrik',           'altyapi-elektrik',  'bolt'    FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'altyapi'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Yol ve Kaldırım',   'altyapi-yol',       'road'    FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'altyapi'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'İnternet / Fiber',  'altyapi-internet',  'wifi'    FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'altyapi'
+ON CONFLICT (slug) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- Alt kategoriler — Çevre
+INSERT INTO issue_categories (parent_id, name, slug, icon)
+SELECT id, 'Çöp ve Atık',   'cevre-cop',    'trash'  FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'cevre'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Hava Kirliliği','cevre-hava',   'cloud'  FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'cevre'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Su Kirliliği',  'cevre-su',     'water'  FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'cevre'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Gürültü',       'cevre-gurultu','volume' FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'cevre'
+ON CONFLICT (slug) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- Alt kategoriler — Ulaşım
+INSERT INTO issue_categories (parent_id, name, slug, icon)
+SELECT id, 'Toplu Taşıma', 'ulasim-toplu-tasima', 'bus'     FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'ulasim'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Trafik',       'ulasim-trafik',       'traffic' FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'ulasim'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT id, 'Park',         'ulasim-park',         'parking' FROM issue_categories WHERE slug = 'ulasim'
+ON CONFLICT (slug) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- Oy kullanma izni (0007'de tanımlanmamıştı)
+INSERT INTO permissions (module, action, scope, description)
+VALUES ('vote', 'create', FALSE, 'Sorun oylamasına katıl')
+ON CONFLICT (module, action, scope) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- issue.status — moderatörlerin durum değiştirmesi için (0007'deki resolve/reject'in yerine ek olarak)
+INSERT INTO permissions (module, action, scope, description)
+VALUES ('issue', 'status', TRUE, 'Sorun durumunu değiştir (moderatör)')
+ON CONFLICT (module, action, scope) DO NOTHING;
diff --git a/migrations/0012_issue_media.sql b/migrations/0012_issue_media.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48835c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0012_issue_media.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+CREATE TABLE issue_media (
+    id         BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    issue_id   BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES issues(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    uploader_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    file_path  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    mime_type  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    file_size  BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    uploaded_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_issue_media_issue ON issue_media(issue_id);
+
+INSERT INTO permissions (module, action, scope, description)
+VALUES ('issue', 'upload_media', FALSE, 'Soruna medya ekle')
+ON CONFLICT (module, action, scope) DO NOTHING;
diff --git a/migrations/0013_api_clients.sql b/migrations/0013_api_clients.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f22195f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0013_api_clients.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CREATE TABLE api_clients (
+    id           BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    name         TEXT NOT NULL,
+    secret_hash  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    is_active    BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE,
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
diff --git a/mm_api/__init__.py b/mm_api/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..473a0f4
diff --git a/mm_api/db.py b/mm_api/db.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cfe696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/db.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os
+import psycopg_pool
+from pathlib import Path
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv(Path(__file__).parent.parent / ".env")
+
+DSN = os.environ["DATABASE_URL"]
+
+pool = psycopg_pool.AsyncConnectionPool(DSN, min_size=2, max_size=10, open=False)
+
+
+async def get_conn():
+    async with pool.connection() as conn:
+        yield conn
diff --git a/mm_api/dependencies.py b/mm_api/dependencies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a19752e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/dependencies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, Security
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBearer, HTTPAuthorizationCredentials
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+import mm_api.services.auth as auth_svc
+
+bearer = HTTPBearer(auto_error=False)
+
+
+async def current_user(
+    credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(bearer),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+) -> dict:
+    if not credentials:
+        raise HTTPException(401, "Kimlik doğrulama gerekli")
+    user = await auth_svc.get_current_user(conn, credentials.credentials)
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(401, "Geçersiz veya süresi dolmuş token")
+    return user
+
+
+async def verified_user(user: dict = Depends(current_user)) -> dict:
+    if user["kyc_status"] != "verified":
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Kimlik doğrulaması gerekli")
+    return user
diff --git a/mm_api/main.py b/mm_api/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd66f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+from mm_api.db import pool
+from mm_api.routers import locations, admin_units, auth, permissions, kyc, issues, officials, clients
+from mm_api.middleware import client_auth_middleware
+import mm_api.services.auth as auth_svc
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    await pool.open()
+    app.state.pool = pool
+    async with pool.connection() as conn:
+        await auth_svc.cleanup_expired_tokens(conn)
+    yield
+    await pool.close()
+
+
+app = FastAPI(title="Memleketmeselesi API", lifespan=lifespan)
+
+app.middleware("http")(client_auth_middleware)
+
+app.include_router(locations.router)
+app.include_router(admin_units.router)
+app.include_router(auth.router)
+app.include_router(permissions.router)
+app.include_router(kyc.router)
+app.include_router(issues.router)
+app.include_router(officials.router)
+app.include_router(clients.router)
diff --git a/mm_api/middleware.py b/mm_api/middleware.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7ffde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/middleware.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import Request
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from mm_api.services.client import verify_client
+
+EXEMPT_PATHS = {"/docs", "/redoc", "/openapi.json"}
+
+
+async def client_auth_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+    if request.url.path in EXEMPT_PATHS:
+        return await call_next(request)
+
+    secret = request.headers.get("X-Api-Key")
+    if not secret:
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=401, content={"detail": "API anahtarı gerekli"})
+
+    async with request.app.state.pool.connection() as conn:
+        if not await verify_client(conn, secret):
+            return JSONResponse(status_code=401, content={"detail": "Geçersiz veya devre dışı API anahtarı"})
+
+    return await call_next(request)
diff --git a/mm_api/models/__init__.py b/mm_api/models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..473a0f4
diff --git a/mm_api/models/admin_unit.py b/mm_api/models/admin_unit.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c30ab58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/models/admin_unit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import date
+
+
+class AdminUnitType(BaseModel):
+    id:          int
+    name:        str
+    slug:        str
+    description: Optional[str]
+
+
+class AdminUnit(BaseModel):
+    id:             int
+    type_id:        int
+    type_name:      str
+    name:           str
+    established_at: Optional[date]
+    abolished_at:   Optional[date]
+    is_active:      bool
+
+
+class AdminUnitCreate(BaseModel):
+    type_id:        int
+    name:           str
+    established_at: Optional[date] = None
+
+
+class AdminUnitAssign(BaseModel):
+    unit_id:     int
+    valid_from:  date
+    valid_until: Optional[date] = None
+
+
+class AdminUnitClose(BaseModel):
+    abolished_at: date
+    valid_until:  date
diff --git a/mm_api/models/auth.py b/mm_api/models/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7db5fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/models/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+class RegisterRequest(BaseModel):
+    email:    EmailStr
+    password: str
+
+
+class LoginRequest(BaseModel):
+    email:     EmailStr
+    password:  str
+    device_name: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class TokenResponse(BaseModel):
+    access_token:  str
+    refresh_token: str
+    expires_in:    int    # saniye
+
+
+class RefreshRequest(BaseModel):
+    refresh_token: str
diff --git a/mm_api/models/location.py b/mm_api/models/location.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..229d34d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/models/location.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class LocationType(str, Enum):
+    ulke     = "ulke"
+    bolge    = "bolge"
+    il       = "il"
+    ilce     = "ilce"
+    bucak    = "bucak"
+    belde    = "belde"
+    koy      = "koy"
+    mahalle  = "mahalle"
+    diger    = "diger"
+
+
+class Location(BaseModel):
+    id:         int
+    parent_id:  Optional[int]
+    name:       str
+    slug:       str
+    type:       LocationType
+    latitude:   Optional[float]
+    longitude:  Optional[float]
+    is_active:  bool
+    created_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
+
+
+class LocationCreate(BaseModel):
+    parent_id:  Optional[int] = None
+    name:       str
+    slug:       str
+    type:       LocationType
+    latitude:   Optional[float] = None
+    longitude:  Optional[float] = None
+
+
+class LocationRetype(BaseModel):
+    new_type:      LocationType
+    change_reason: str
+    changed_by:    Optional[int] = None  # user_id
+
+
+class LocationReparent(BaseModel):
+    new_parent_id: int
+    change_reason: str
+    changed_by:    Optional[int] = None
+
+
+class LocationSplitFrom(BaseModel):
+    source_id:    int
+    effective_at: date
+    notes:        Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class LocationMerge(BaseModel):
+    source_ids:   list[int]   # birleşen lokasyonlar
+    target_id:    int         # hedef (varsa) veya yeni oluşturulacak
+    effective_at: date
+    notes:        Optional[str] = None
+    change_reason: str
+    changed_by:   Optional[int] = None
diff --git a/mm_api/models/permission.py b/mm_api/models/permission.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e0a006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/models/permission.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class Permission(BaseModel):
+    id:          int
+    module:      str
+    action:      str
+    description: Optional[str]
+
+
+class PermissionGroup(BaseModel):
+    id:           int
+    name:         str
+    description:  Optional[str]
+    is_superuser: bool
+    created_at:   datetime
+
+
+class PermissionGroupCreate(BaseModel):
+    name:         str
+    description:  Optional[str] = None
+    is_superuser: bool = False
+
+
+class GroupPermissionAssign(BaseModel):
+    permission_ids: list[int]
+
+
+class UserGroupAssign(BaseModel):
+    user_id:  int
+    group_id: int
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/__init__.py b/mm_api/routers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..473a0f4
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/admin_units.py b/mm_api/routers/admin_units.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef5e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/admin_units.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.models.admin_unit import AdminUnitCreate, AdminUnitAssign, AdminUnitClose
+import mm_api.services.admin_unit as svc
+
+router = APIRouter(tags=["admin-units"])
+
+
+@router.get("/admin-unit-types")
+async def list_types(conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.list_types(conn)
+
+
+@router.get("/admin-units")
+async def list_units(
+    type_id: int | None = None,
+    active_only: bool = True,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_units(conn, type_id, active_only)
+
+
+@router.get("/admin-units/{unit_id}")
+async def get_unit(unit_id: int, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    unit = await svc.get_unit(conn, unit_id)
+    if not unit:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Birim bulunamadı")
+    return unit
+
+
+@router.post("/admin-units", status_code=201)
+async def create_unit(data: AdminUnitCreate, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.create_unit(conn, data)
+
+
+@router.patch("/admin-units/{unit_id}/close")
+async def close_unit(unit_id: int, data: AdminUnitClose, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    unit = await svc.get_unit(conn, unit_id)
+    if not unit:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Birim bulunamadı")
+    await svc.close_unit(conn, unit_id, data)
+    return await svc.get_unit(conn, unit_id)
+
+
+@router.post("/locations/{location_id}/admin-units")
+async def assign_unit(location_id: int, data: AdminUnitAssign, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    await svc.assign_to_location(conn, location_id, data)
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.delete("/locations/{location_id}/admin-units/{unit_id}")
+async def unassign_unit(
+    location_id: int, unit_id: int,
+    valid_until: str,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await svc.unassign_from_location(conn, location_id, unit_id, valid_until)
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.get("/locations/{location_id}/admin-units")
+async def location_units(
+    location_id: int,
+    active_only: bool = True,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.location_units(conn, location_id, active_only)
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/auth.py b/mm_api/routers/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2b34d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, Security
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBearer, HTTPAuthorizationCredentials
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user
+from mm_api.models.auth import RegisterRequest, LoginRequest, RefreshRequest
+import mm_api.services.auth as svc
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/auth", tags=["auth"])
+bearer = HTTPBearer(auto_error=False)
+
+
+@router.post("/register", status_code=201)
+async def register(data: RegisterRequest, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    try:
+        return await svc.register(conn, data)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/login")
+async def login(data: LoginRequest, request: Request, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    ip         = request.client.host if request.client else "unknown"
+    user_agent = request.headers.get("user-agent", "")
+    try:
+        return await svc.login(conn, data, ip, user_agent)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(401, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/refresh")
+async def refresh(data: RefreshRequest, request: Request, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    ip = request.client.host if request.client else "unknown"
+    try:
+        return await svc.refresh(conn, data.refresh_token, ip)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(401, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/logout")
+async def logout(
+    credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(bearer),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if credentials:
+        await svc.logout(conn, credentials.credentials)
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.post("/logout-all")
+async def logout_all(
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await svc.logout_all(conn, user["id"])
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.get("/me")
+async def me(user: dict = Depends(current_user)):
+    return user
+
+
+@router.get("/sessions")
+async def list_sessions(
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_sessions(conn, user["id"])
+
+
+@router.delete("/sessions/{device_id}")
+async def close_session(
+    device_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    try:
+        await svc.logout_device(conn, user["id"], device_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(404, str(e))
+    return {"ok": True}
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/clients.py b/mm_api/routers/clients.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8adb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/clients.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user
+import mm_api.services.client as svc
+import mm_api.services.permission as perm_svc
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/admin/clients", tags=["admin"])
+
+
+async def _require_superuser(user: dict, conn: AsyncConnection):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "*", "*", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Süper yönetici yetkisi gerekli")
+
+
+class ClientCreate(BaseModel):
+    name: str = Field(..., min_length=2, max_length=100)
+
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_clients(
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_superuser(user, conn)
+    return await svc.list_clients(conn)
+
+
+@router.post("", status_code=201)
+async def create_client(
+    data: ClientCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_superuser(user, conn)
+    return await svc.create_client(conn, data.name)
+
+
+@router.post("/{client_id}/deactivate")
+async def deactivate_client(
+    client_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_superuser(user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.set_active(conn, client_id, False)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(404, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/{client_id}/activate")
+async def activate_client(
+    client_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_superuser(user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.set_active(conn, client_id, True)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(404, str(e))
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/issues.py b/mm_api/routers/issues.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c76c02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/issues.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+from typing import Literal
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user, verified_user
+import mm_api.services.issue as svc
+import mm_api.services.permission as perm_svc
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/issues", tags=["issues"])
+
+
+class IssueCreate(BaseModel):
+    title: str = Field(..., min_length=5, max_length=300)
+    body: str = Field(..., min_length=20)
+    category_id: int
+    location_id: int
+
+
+class IssueUpdate(BaseModel):
+    title: str | None = Field(None, min_length=5, max_length=300)
+    body: str | None = Field(None, min_length=20)
+
+
+class StatusUpdate(BaseModel):
+    status: Literal["open", "in_progress", "resolved", "rejected", "duplicate"]
+
+
+class VoteRequest(BaseModel):
+    vote: Literal["resolved", "ongoing"]
+
+
+class CommentCreate(BaseModel):
+    body: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=5000)
+    parent_id: int | None = None
+
+
+@router.get("/categories")
+async def list_categories(
+    parent_id: int | None = Query(None),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_categories(conn, parent_id)
+
+
+@router.get("/categories/{category_id}")
+async def get_category(
+    category_id: int,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    cat = await svc.get_category(conn, category_id)
+    if not cat:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Kategori bulunamadı")
+    return cat
+
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_issues(
+    location_id: int | None = Query(None),
+    category_id: int | None = Query(None),
+    status: str | None = Query(None),
+    limit: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    offset: int = Query(0, ge=0),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_issues(conn, location_id, category_id, status, limit=limit, offset=offset)
+
+
+@router.post("", status_code=201)
+async def create_issue(
+    data: IssueCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(verified_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "create", "issue"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Sorun bildirme yetkiniz yok")
+    try:
+        return await svc.create_issue(conn, user["id"], data.title, data.body, data.category_id, data.location_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/{issue_id}")
+async def get_issue(
+    issue_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    issue = await svc.get_issue(conn, issue_id)
+    if not issue:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Sorun bulunamadı")
+    return issue
+
+
+@router.patch("/{issue_id}")
+async def update_issue(
+    issue_id: int,
+    data: IssueUpdate,
+    user: dict = Depends(verified_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    is_admin = await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "update", "issue", is_admin=True)
+    if not is_admin and not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "update", "issue"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    try:
+        return await svc.update_issue(conn, issue_id, user["id"], is_admin, data.title, data.body)
+    except PermissionError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(403, str(e))
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.put("/{issue_id}/status")
+async def update_status(
+    issue_id: int,
+    data: StatusUpdate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "status", "issue", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    try:
+        return await svc.update_status(conn, issue_id, data.status)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.delete("/{issue_id}", status_code=204)
+async def delete_issue(
+    issue_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "delete", "issue", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    try:
+        await svc.delete_issue(conn, issue_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/{issue_id}/vote")
+async def vote(
+    issue_id: int,
+    data: VoteRequest,
+    user: dict = Depends(verified_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "create", "vote"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Oy kullanma yetkiniz yok")
+    try:
+        return await svc.cast_vote(conn, issue_id, user["id"], data.vote)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/{issue_id}/comments")
+async def list_comments(
+    issue_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_comments(conn, issue_id)
+
+
+@router.post("/{issue_id}/comments", status_code=201)
+async def add_comment(
+    issue_id: int,
+    data: CommentCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(verified_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "create", "comment"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yorum yapma yetkiniz yok")
+    try:
+        return await svc.add_comment(conn, issue_id, user["id"], data.body, data.parent_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.delete("/comments/{comment_id}", status_code=204)
+async def delete_comment(
+    comment_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    is_admin = await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "delete", "comment", is_admin=True)
+    try:
+        await svc.delete_comment(conn, comment_id, user["id"], is_admin)
+    except PermissionError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(403, str(e))
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(404, str(e))
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/kyc.py b/mm_api/routers/kyc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30418fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/kyc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import uuid
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, UploadFile, File, Form
+from fastapi.responses import Response
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+import mm_api.services.kyc as svc
+import mm_api.services.permission as perm_svc
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/kyc", tags=["kyc"])
+
+ALLOWED_MIME = {"image/jpeg", "image/png"}
+MAX_FILE_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024  # 5 MB
+
+
+class RejectRequest(BaseModel):
+    note: str
+
+
+async def _require_kyc_perm(action: str, user: dict, conn: AsyncConnection):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], action, "kyc", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+
+
+def _validate_file(file: UploadFile):
+    if file.content_type not in ALLOWED_MIME:
+        raise HTTPException(400, f"Geçersiz dosya türü: {file.content_type}")
+
+
+@router.post("/submit", status_code=201)
+async def submit(
+    tc_kimlik: str = Form(..., min_length=11, max_length=11, pattern=r"^\d{11}$"),
+    id_front:  UploadFile = File(...),
+    id_back:   UploadFile = File(...),
+    selfie:    UploadFile = File(...),
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    for f in (id_front, id_back, selfie):
+        _validate_file(f)
+
+    req_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    front_data  = await id_front.read()
+    back_data   = await id_back.read()
+    selfie_data = await selfie.read()
+
+    for data, name in ((front_data, "id_front"), (back_data, "id_back"), (selfie_data, "selfie")):
+        if len(data) > MAX_FILE_SIZE:
+            raise HTTPException(400, f"{name} dosyası 5MB'dan büyük olamaz")
+
+    front_path  = svc.save_file_encrypted(req_uuid, "id_front", front_data)
+    back_path   = svc.save_file_encrypted(req_uuid, "id_back",  back_data)
+    selfie_path = svc.save_file_encrypted(req_uuid, "selfie",   selfie_data)
+
+    try:
+        return await svc.submit(conn, user["id"], tc_kimlik, front_path, back_path, selfie_path)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        svc.delete_request_files(req_uuid)
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/pending")
+async def list_pending(
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_kyc_perm("view", user, conn)
+    return await svc.list_pending(conn)
+
+
+@router.post("/{request_id}/view-token")
+async def get_view_token(
+    request_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_kyc_perm("view", user, conn)
+    req = await svc.get_request(conn, request_id)
+    if not req:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Başvuru bulunamadı")
+    token = await svc.create_view_token(conn, request_id, user["id"])
+    return {"view_token": token, "expires_in": 600}
+
+
+@router.get("/view/{token}/{file_type}")
+async def view_file(
+    token: str,
+    file_type: str,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if file_type not in ("id_front", "id_back", "selfie"):
+        raise HTTPException(400, "Geçersiz dosya türü")
+
+    req = await svc.consume_view_token(conn, token)
+    if not req:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Geçersiz veya süresi dolmuş token")
+
+    path_key = f"{file_type}_path"
+    data = svc.read_file_encrypted(req[path_key])
+    return Response(content=data, media_type="image/jpeg")
+
+
+@router.post("/{request_id}/approve")
+async def approve(
+    request_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_kyc_perm("approve", user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.approve(conn, request_id, user["id"])
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/{request_id}/reject")
+async def reject(
+    request_id: int,
+    data: RejectRequest,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_kyc_perm("reject", user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.reject(conn, request_id, user["id"], data.note)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/users/{user_id}/tc")
+async def get_tc(
+    user_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    """Adli soruşturma endpoint'i — TC kimlik nosunu döner."""
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], "view", "kyc", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    tc = await svc.get_tc_kimlik(conn, user_id)
+    if tc is None:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Kimlik bilgisi bulunamadı")
+    return {"user_id": user_id, "tc_kimlik": tc}
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/locations.py b/mm_api/routers/locations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a7dd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/locations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.models.location import LocationCreate, LocationRetype, LocationReparent, LocationSplitFrom, LocationMerge
+import mm_api.services.location as svc
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/locations", tags=["locations"])
+
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_locations(parent_id: int | None = None, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.list_children(conn, parent_id)
+
+
+@router.get("/{location_id}")
+async def get_location(location_id: int, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    loc = await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+    if not loc:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Lokasyon bulunamadı")
+    return loc
+
+
+@router.post("", status_code=201)
+async def create_location(data: LocationCreate, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.create(conn, data)
+
+
+@router.patch("/{location_id}/retype")
+async def retype_location(location_id: int, data: LocationRetype, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    loc = await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+    if not loc:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Lokasyon bulunamadı")
+    await svc.retype(conn, location_id, data)
+    return await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+
+
+@router.patch("/{location_id}/reparent")
+async def reparent_location(location_id: int, data: LocationReparent, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    loc = await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+    if not loc:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Lokasyon bulunamadı")
+    await svc.reparent(conn, location_id, data)
+    return await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+
+
+@router.post("/{location_id}/split-from")
+async def add_split_from(location_id: int, data: LocationSplitFrom, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    loc = await svc.get(conn, location_id)
+    if not loc:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Lokasyon bulunamadı")
+    await svc.add_split_from(conn, location_id, data)
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.post("/merge")
+async def merge_locations(data: LocationMerge, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    target = await svc.get(conn, data.target_id)
+    if not target:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Hedef lokasyon bulunamadı")
+    await svc.merge(conn, data)
+    return {"ok": True, "merged_into": data.target_id}
+
+
+@router.get("/{location_id}/history")
+async def location_history(location_id: int, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.history(conn, location_id)
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/officials.py b/mm_api/routers/officials.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89c2983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/officials.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+from typing import Literal
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user
+import mm_api.services.official as svc
+import mm_api.services.permission as perm_svc
+
+router = APIRouter(tags=["officials"])
+
+
+async def _require_profile_perm(action: str, user: dict, conn: AsyncConnection):
+    if not await perm_svc.can(conn, user["id"], action, "profile", is_admin=True):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+
+
+class PersonCreate(BaseModel):
+    first_name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=100)
+    last_name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=100)
+    birth_year: int | None = Field(None, ge=1900, le=2010)
+
+
+class PersonUpdate(BaseModel):
+    first_name: str | None = Field(None, min_length=1, max_length=100)
+    last_name: str | None = Field(None, min_length=1, max_length=100)
+    birth_year: int | None = Field(None, ge=1900, le=2010)
+
+
+class ElectionCreate(BaseModel):
+    name: str = Field(..., min_length=2, max_length=200)
+    held_at: str  # YYYY-MM-DD
+    type: Literal["genel", "yerel", "cumhurbaskanligi", "referandum"]
+
+
+class OfficialCreate(BaseModel):
+    person_id: int
+    unit_id: int
+    title: str = Field(..., min_length=2, max_length=200)
+    started_at: str  # YYYY-MM-DD
+    election_id: int | None = None
+
+
+class OfficialClose(BaseModel):
+    ended_at: str  # YYYY-MM-DD
+
+
+# --- Persons ---
+
+@router.get("/persons")
+async def list_persons(
+    q: str | None = Query(None),
+    limit: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    offset: int = Query(0, ge=0),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_persons(conn, q, limit, offset)
+
+
+@router.get("/persons/{person_id}")
+async def get_person(
+    person_id: int,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    person = await svc.get_person(conn, person_id)
+    if not person:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Kişi bulunamadı")
+    officials = await svc.get_person_officials(conn, person_id)
+    return {**person, "officials": officials}
+
+
+@router.post("/persons", status_code=201)
+async def create_person(
+    data: PersonCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_profile_perm("create", user, conn)
+    return await svc.create_person(conn, data.first_name, data.last_name, data.birth_year)
+
+
+@router.patch("/persons/{person_id}")
+async def update_person(
+    person_id: int,
+    data: PersonUpdate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_profile_perm("update", user, conn)
+    person = await svc.get_person(conn, person_id)
+    if not person:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Kişi bulunamadı")
+    try:
+        return await svc.update_person(conn, person_id, data.first_name, data.last_name, data.birth_year)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+# --- Elections ---
+
+@router.get("/elections")
+async def list_elections(conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.list_elections(conn)
+
+
+@router.post("/elections", status_code=201)
+async def create_election(
+    data: ElectionCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_profile_perm("create", user, conn)
+    return await svc.create_election(conn, data.name, data.held_at, data.type)
+
+
+# --- Officials ---
+
+@router.get("/officials")
+async def list_officials(
+    person_id: int | None = Query(None),
+    unit_id: int | None = Query(None),
+    active_only: bool = Query(False),
+    limit: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    offset: int = Query(0, ge=0),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.list_officials(conn, person_id, unit_id, active_only, limit, offset)
+
+
+@router.get("/officials/{official_id}")
+async def get_official(
+    official_id: int,
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    official = await svc.get_official(conn, official_id)
+    if not official:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Yetkili kaydı bulunamadı")
+    stats = await svc.get_official_stats(conn, official_id)
+    return {**official, "stats": stats}
+
+
+@router.post("/officials", status_code=201)
+async def create_official(
+    data: OfficialCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_profile_perm("create", user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.create_official(conn, data.person_id, data.unit_id, data.title, data.started_at, data.election_id)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/officials/{official_id}/close")
+async def close_official(
+    official_id: int,
+    data: OfficialClose,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    await _require_profile_perm("update", user, conn)
+    try:
+        return await svc.close_official(conn, official_id, data.ended_at)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(400, str(e))
diff --git a/mm_api/routers/permissions.py b/mm_api/routers/permissions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67caabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/routers/permissions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.db import get_conn
+from mm_api.dependencies import current_user
+from mm_api.models.permission import PermissionGroupCreate, GroupPermissionAssign, UserGroupAssign
+import mm_api.services.permission as svc
+
+router = APIRouter(tags=["permissions"])
+
+
+@router.get("/permissions")
+async def list_permissions(conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.list_permissions(conn)
+
+
+@router.get("/permission-groups")
+async def list_groups(conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.list_groups(conn)
+
+
+@router.get("/permission-groups/{group_id}")
+async def get_group(group_id: int, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    group = await svc.get_group(conn, group_id)
+    if not group:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Grup bulunamadı")
+    return group
+
+
+@router.post("/permission-groups", status_code=201)
+async def create_group(
+    data: PermissionGroupCreate,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await svc.can(conn, user["id"], "create", "user"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    return await svc.create_group(conn, data)
+
+
+@router.put("/permission-groups/{group_id}/permissions")
+async def set_group_permissions(
+    group_id: int,
+    data: GroupPermissionAssign,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await svc.can(conn, user["id"], "assign_group", "user"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    group = await svc.get_group(conn, group_id)
+    if not group:
+        raise HTTPException(404, "Grup bulunamadı")
+    await svc.set_group_permissions(conn, group_id, data)
+    return await svc.group_permissions(conn, group_id)
+
+
+@router.get("/permission-groups/{group_id}/permissions")
+async def get_group_permissions(group_id: int, conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn)):
+    return await svc.group_permissions(conn, group_id)
+
+
+@router.post("/user-groups")
+async def assign_user_to_group(
+    data: UserGroupAssign,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await svc.can(conn, user["id"], "assign_group", "user"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    await svc.assign_user_to_group(conn, data, granted_by=user["id"])
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.delete("/user-groups/{user_id}/{group_id}")
+async def remove_user_from_group(
+    user_id: int,
+    group_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    if not await svc.can(conn, user["id"], "assign_group", "user"):
+        raise HTTPException(403, "Yetersiz yetki")
+    await svc.remove_user_from_group(conn, user_id, group_id)
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+@router.get("/users/{user_id}/groups")
+async def get_user_groups(
+    user_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.user_groups(conn, user_id)
+
+
+@router.get("/users/{user_id}/permissions")
+async def get_user_permissions(
+    user_id: int,
+    user: dict = Depends(current_user),
+    conn: AsyncConnection = Depends(get_conn),
+):
+    return await svc.user_permissions(conn, user_id)
diff --git a/mm_api/services/__init__.py b/mm_api/services/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..473a0f4
diff --git a/mm_api/services/admin_unit.py b/mm_api/services/admin_unit.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..694d211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/admin_unit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.models.admin_unit import AdminUnitCreate, AdminUnitAssign, AdminUnitClose
+
+
+async def list_types(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, name, slug, description FROM administrative_unit_types ORDER BY name"
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "name": r[1], "slug": r[2], "description": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def list_units(conn: AsyncConnection, type_id: int | None, active_only: bool) -> list[dict]:
+    where = []
+    params = []
+    if type_id:
+        where.append("u.type_id = %s")
+        params.append(type_id)
+    if active_only:
+        where.append("u.is_active = TRUE")
+    clause = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(where)) if where else ""
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        f"""SELECT u.id, u.type_id, t.name, u.name, u.established_at, u.abolished_at, u.is_active
+            FROM administrative_units u
+            JOIN administrative_unit_types t ON t.id = u.type_id
+            {clause}
+            ORDER BY u.name""",
+        params
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [_row(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_unit(conn: AsyncConnection, unit_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT u.id, u.type_id, t.name, u.name, u.established_at, u.abolished_at, u.is_active
+           FROM administrative_units u
+           JOIN administrative_unit_types t ON t.id = u.type_id
+           WHERE u.id = %s""",
+        (unit_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return _row(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def create_unit(conn: AsyncConnection, data: AdminUnitCreate) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO administrative_units (type_id, name, established_at) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+        (data.type_id, data.name, data.established_at)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_unit(conn, row[0])
+
+
+async def close_unit(conn: AsyncConnection, unit_id: int, data: AdminUnitClose):
+    """Birimi kapat: abolished_at yaz, bağlı lokasyonların valid_until'ını güncelle."""
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE administrative_units SET abolished_at = %s, is_active = FALSE WHERE id = %s",
+        (data.abolished_at, unit_id)
+    )
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE location_administrative_units SET valid_until = %s "
+        "WHERE unit_id = %s AND valid_until IS NULL",
+        (data.valid_until, unit_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def assign_to_location(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, data: AdminUnitAssign):
+    """Lokasyona idari birim ata."""
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO location_administrative_units (location_id, unit_id, valid_from, valid_until) "
+        "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) ON CONFLICT (location_id, unit_id, valid_from) DO NOTHING",
+        (location_id, data.unit_id, data.valid_from, data.valid_until)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def unassign_from_location(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, unit_id: int, valid_until: str):
+    """Lokasyon-birim bağlantısını kapat."""
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE location_administrative_units SET valid_until = %s "
+        "WHERE location_id = %s AND unit_id = %s AND valid_until IS NULL",
+        (valid_until, location_id, unit_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def location_units(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, active_only: bool) -> list[dict]:
+    """Bir lokasyona bağlı idari birimleri listele."""
+    where = "WHERE lau.location_id = %s"
+    if active_only:
+        where += " AND (lau.valid_until IS NULL OR lau.valid_until > NOW())"
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        f"""SELECT u.id, u.type_id, t.name, u.name, u.established_at, u.abolished_at, u.is_active,
+                   lau.valid_from, lau.valid_until
+            FROM location_administrative_units lau
+            JOIN administrative_units u ON u.id = lau.unit_id
+            JOIN administrative_unit_types t ON t.id = u.type_id
+            {where}
+            ORDER BY lau.valid_from DESC""",
+        (location_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {**_row(r[:7]), "valid_from": r[7], "valid_until": r[8]}
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+def _row(r) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": r[0], "type_id": r[1], "type_name": r[2], "name": r[3],
+        "established_at": r[4], "abolished_at": r[5], "is_active": r[6],
+    }
diff --git a/mm_api/services/auth.py b/mm_api/services/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..815de9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+import hashlib
+import secrets
+from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
+from argon2 import PasswordHasher
+from argon2.exceptions import VerifyMismatchError, VerificationError, InvalidHashError
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.models.auth import RegisterRequest, LoginRequest
+
+ph = PasswordHasher(time_cost=2, memory_cost=65536, parallelism=2)
+
+ACCESS_TTL  = timedelta(minutes=15)
+REFRESH_TTL = timedelta(days=30)
+
+
+def _hash_token(token: str) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(token.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def _gen_token() -> str:
+    return secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+
+
+async def register(conn: AsyncConnection, data: RegisterRequest) -> dict:
+    existing = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM users WHERE email = %s", (data.email,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if existing:
+        raise ValueError("Bu e-posta zaten kayıtlı")
+
+    password_hash = ph.hash(data.password)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO users (email, password_hash) VALUES (%s, %s) RETURNING id, email, kyc_status, created_at",
+        (data.email, password_hash)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": row[0], "email": row[1], "kyc_status": row[2], "created_at": row[3]}
+
+
+async def login(conn: AsyncConnection, data: LoginRequest, ip: str, user_agent: str) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, password_hash, is_active FROM users WHERE email = %s", (data.email,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("E-posta veya şifre hatalı")
+
+    user_id, password_hash, is_active = row
+    if not is_active:
+        raise ValueError("Hesap askıya alınmış")
+
+    try:
+        ph.verify(password_hash, data.password)
+    except (VerifyMismatchError, VerificationError, InvalidHashError):
+        raise ValueError("E-posta veya şifre hatalı")
+
+    if ph.check_needs_rehash(password_hash):
+        new_hash = ph.hash(data.password)
+        await conn.execute("UPDATE users SET password_hash = %s WHERE id = %s", (new_hash, user_id))
+
+    device_id = await (await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO user_devices (user_id, device_name, user_agent, last_ip)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) RETURNING id""",
+        (user_id, data.device_name, user_agent, ip)
+    )).fetchone()
+    device_id = device_id[0]
+
+    tokens = await _issue_tokens(conn, user_id, device_id)
+    await conn.execute("UPDATE users SET last_login_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s", (user_id,))
+    await conn.commit()
+    return tokens
+
+
+async def refresh(conn: AsyncConnection, refresh_token: str, ip: str) -> dict:
+    token_hash = _hash_token(refresh_token)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, user_id, device_id, used_at, revoked, expires_at FROM refresh_tokens WHERE token_hash = %s",
+        (token_hash,)
+    )).fetchone()
+
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Geçersiz token")
+
+    rt_id, user_id, device_id, used_at, revoked, expires_at = row
+
+    if used_at is not None or revoked:
+        await conn.execute(
+            "UPDATE refresh_tokens SET revoked = TRUE WHERE user_id = %s", (user_id,)
+        )
+        await conn.execute(
+            "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = %s", (user_id,)
+        )
+        await conn.commit()
+        raise ValueError("Token zaten kullanılmış, tüm oturumlar kapatıldı")
+
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    if expires_at < now:
+        raise ValueError("Token süresi dolmuş")
+
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE refresh_tokens SET used_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s", (rt_id,)
+    )
+    await conn.execute(
+        "DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = %s AND device_id = %s", (user_id, device_id)
+    )
+    # IP güncelle
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE user_devices SET last_ip = %s, last_seen_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s", (ip, device_id)
+    )
+
+    tokens = await _issue_tokens(conn, user_id, device_id)
+    await conn.commit()
+    return tokens
+
+
+async def logout(conn: AsyncConnection, access_token: str):
+    token_hash = _hash_token(access_token)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT user_id, device_id FROM access_tokens WHERE token_hash = %s", (token_hash,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if row:
+        user_id, device_id = row
+        await conn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE token_hash = %s", (token_hash,))
+        await conn.execute(
+            "UPDATE refresh_tokens SET revoked = TRUE WHERE user_id = %s AND device_id = %s AND revoked = FALSE",
+            (user_id, device_id)
+        )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def logout_all(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int):
+    """Kullanıcının tüm cihazlarındaki oturumları kapatır."""
+    await conn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = %s", (user_id,))
+    await conn.execute("UPDATE refresh_tokens SET revoked = TRUE WHERE user_id = %s AND revoked = FALSE", (user_id,))
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def logout_device(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int, device_id: int):
+    """Belirli bir cihazın oturumunu kapatır. Sadece kendi cihazını kapatabilir."""
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM user_devices WHERE id = %s AND user_id = %s", (device_id, user_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Cihaz bulunamadı")
+    await conn.execute("DELETE FROM access_tokens WHERE user_id = %s AND device_id = %s", (user_id, device_id))
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE refresh_tokens SET revoked = TRUE WHERE user_id = %s AND device_id = %s AND revoked = FALSE",
+        (user_id, device_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def get_current_user(conn: AsyncConnection, access_token: str) -> dict | None:
+    token_hash = _hash_token(access_token)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT u.id, u.email, u.kyc_status, u.is_active, at.expires_at, at.device_id
+           FROM access_tokens at
+           JOIN users u ON u.id = at.user_id
+           WHERE at.token_hash = %s""",
+        (token_hash,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    if row[4] < datetime.now(timezone.utc):
+        return None
+    if not row[3]:
+        return None
+
+    # last_seen_at güncelle (fire-and-forget, hata olsa da önemli değil)
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE user_devices SET last_seen_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s", (row[5],)
+    )
+
+    return {"id": row[0], "email": row[1], "kyc_status": row[2]}
+
+
+async def list_sessions(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    """Kullanıcının aktif oturumlarını (cihazlarını) döner."""
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT d.id, d.device_name, d.user_agent, d.last_ip, d.last_seen_at, d.created_at,
+                  EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM access_tokens at WHERE at.device_id = d.id AND at.expires_at > NOW()) AS has_active_token
+           FROM user_devices d
+           WHERE d.user_id = %s
+           AND EXISTS(
+               SELECT 1 FROM refresh_tokens rt
+               WHERE rt.device_id = d.id AND rt.revoked = FALSE AND rt.expires_at > NOW()
+           )
+           ORDER BY d.last_seen_at DESC""",
+        (user_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {
+            "device_id":   r[0],
+            "device_name": r[1],
+            "user_agent":  r[2],
+            "last_ip":     str(r[3]) if r[3] else None,
+            "last_seen_at": r[4],
+            "created_at":  r[5],
+            "is_active":   r[6],
+        }
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+async def cleanup_expired_tokens(conn: AsyncConnection):
+    """Süresi dolmuş token'ları temizler. Uygulama başlangıcında çağrılır."""
+    await conn.execute("SELECT cleanup_expired_tokens()")
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def _issue_tokens(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int, device_id: int) -> dict:
+    access_token  = _gen_token()
+    refresh_token = _gen_token()
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO access_tokens (user_id, device_id, token_hash, expires_at) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)",
+        (user_id, device_id, _hash_token(access_token), now + ACCESS_TTL)
+    )
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO refresh_tokens (user_id, device_id, token_hash, expires_at) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)",
+        (user_id, device_id, _hash_token(refresh_token), now + REFRESH_TTL)
+    )
+    return {
+        "access_token":  access_token,
+        "refresh_token": refresh_token,
+        "expires_in":    int(ACCESS_TTL.total_seconds()),
+    }
diff --git a/mm_api/services/client.py b/mm_api/services/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4afc957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import hashlib
+import secrets
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+
+def _hash_secret(secret: str) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(secret.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def generate_secret() -> str:
+    return secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+
+
+async def verify_client(conn: AsyncConnection, secret: str) -> bool:
+    h = _hash_secret(secret)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM api_clients WHERE secret_hash = %s AND is_active = TRUE",
+        (h,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return row is not None
+
+
+async def create_client(conn: AsyncConnection, name: str) -> dict:
+    secret = generate_secret()
+    h = _hash_secret(secret)
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO api_clients (name, secret_hash) VALUES (%s, %s) RETURNING id, name, created_at",
+        (name, h)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    # secret yalnızca bir kez döner, sonra erişilemez
+    return {"id": row[0], "name": row[1], "secret": secret, "created_at": row[2]}
+
+
+async def list_clients(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, name, is_active, created_at FROM api_clients ORDER BY created_at DESC"
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "name": r[1], "is_active": r[2], "created_at": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def set_active(conn: AsyncConnection, client_id: int, is_active: bool) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE api_clients SET is_active = %s WHERE id = %s RETURNING id, name, is_active, created_at",
+        (is_active, client_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Client bulunamadı")
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": row[0], "name": row[1], "is_active": row[2], "created_at": row[3]}
diff --git a/mm_api/services/issue.py b/mm_api/services/issue.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f63754b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/issue.py
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+EDIT_GRACE_PERIOD = timedelta(minutes=15)
+
+
+async def list_categories(conn: AsyncConnection, parent_id: int | None = None) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT id, parent_id, name, slug, icon
+           FROM issue_categories
+           WHERE (parent_id = %s OR (%s IS NULL AND parent_id IS NULL))
+           ORDER BY name""",
+        (parent_id, parent_id)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "parent_id": r[1], "name": r[2], "slug": r[3], "icon": r[4]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_category(conn: AsyncConnection, category_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, parent_id, name, slug, icon FROM issue_categories WHERE id = %s",
+        (category_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    return {"id": row[0], "parent_id": row[1], "name": row[2], "slug": row[3], "icon": row[4]}
+
+
+async def create_issue(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    reporter_id: int,
+    title: str,
+    body: str,
+    category_id: int,
+    location_id: int,
+) -> dict:
+    cat = await get_category(conn, category_id)
+    if not cat:
+        raise ValueError("Kategori bulunamadı")
+
+    loc = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM locations WHERE id = %s", (location_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not loc:
+        raise ValueError("Konum bulunamadı")
+
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO issues (title, body, category_id, location_id, reporter_id)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)
+           RETURNING id, status, created_at""",
+        (title, body, category_id, location_id, reporter_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": row[0], "status": row[1], "created_at": row[2]}
+
+
+async def get_issue(conn: AsyncConnection, issue_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT i.id, i.title, i.body, i.status, i.created_at, i.updated_at,
+                  i.reporter_id, i.category_id, i.location_id,
+                  ic.name AS category_name, ic.slug AS category_slug,
+                  l.name AS location_name,
+                  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM issue_votes v WHERE v.issue_id = i.id AND v.vote = 'resolved') AS votes_resolved,
+                  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM issue_votes v WHERE v.issue_id = i.id AND v.vote = 'ongoing') AS votes_ongoing,
+                  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM issue_comments c WHERE c.issue_id = i.id AND NOT c.is_deleted) AS comment_count
+           FROM issues i
+           JOIN issue_categories ic ON ic.id = i.category_id
+           JOIN locations l ON l.id = i.location_id
+           WHERE i.id = %s""",
+        (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    return {
+        "id": row[0], "title": row[1], "body": row[2], "status": row[3],
+        "created_at": row[4], "updated_at": row[5],
+        "reporter_id": row[6], "category_id": row[7], "location_id": row[8],
+        "category_name": row[9], "category_slug": row[10],
+        "location_name": row[11],
+        "votes": {"resolved": row[12], "ongoing": row[13]},
+        "comment_count": row[14],
+    }
+
+
+async def list_issues(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    location_id: int | None = None,
+    category_id: int | None = None,
+    status: str | None = None,
+    reporter_id: int | None = None,
+    limit: int = 20,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    filters = []
+    params: list = []
+    if location_id:
+        filters.append("i.location_id = %s"); params.append(location_id)
+    if category_id:
+        filters.append("i.category_id = %s"); params.append(category_id)
+    if status:
+        filters.append("i.status = %s"); params.append(status)
+    if reporter_id:
+        filters.append("i.reporter_id = %s"); params.append(reporter_id)
+
+    where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(filters)) if filters else ""
+    params += [limit, offset]
+
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        f"""SELECT i.id, i.title, i.status, i.created_at,
+                   ic.name AS category_name, l.name AS location_name,
+                   (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM issue_votes v WHERE v.issue_id = i.id) AS vote_count
+            FROM issues i
+            JOIN issue_categories ic ON ic.id = i.category_id
+            JOIN locations l ON l.id = i.location_id
+            {where}
+            ORDER BY i.created_at DESC
+            LIMIT %s OFFSET %s""",
+        params
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {"id": r[0], "title": r[1], "status": r[2], "created_at": r[3],
+         "category_name": r[4], "location_name": r[5], "vote_count": r[6]}
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+async def update_issue(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    issue_id: int,
+    user_id: int,
+    is_admin: bool,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    body: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT reporter_id, created_at, status FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Sorun bulunamadı")
+
+    reporter_id, created_at, status = row
+
+    if not is_admin:
+        if reporter_id != user_id:
+            raise PermissionError("Bu sorunu düzenleme yetkiniz yok")
+        age = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - created_at
+        if age > EDIT_GRACE_PERIOD:
+            raise PermissionError("Düzenleme süresi doldu (15 dakika)")
+
+    updates = []
+    params = []
+    if title is not None:
+        updates.append("title = %s"); params.append(title)
+    if body is not None:
+        updates.append("body = %s"); params.append(body)
+    if not updates:
+        raise ValueError("Güncellenecek alan yok")
+
+    updates.append("updated_at = NOW()")
+    params.append(issue_id)
+    await conn.execute(
+        f"UPDATE issues SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = %s", params
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def update_status(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    issue_id: int,
+    new_status: str,
+) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Sorun bulunamadı")
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE issues SET status = %s, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+        (new_status, issue_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def delete_issue(conn: AsyncConnection, issue_id: int) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Sorun bulunamadı")
+    await conn.execute("DELETE FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,))
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def cast_vote(conn: AsyncConnection, issue_id: int, user_id: int, vote: str) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Sorun bulunamadı")
+    await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO issue_votes (issue_id, user_id, vote)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s)
+           ON CONFLICT (issue_id, user_id) DO UPDATE SET vote = EXCLUDED.vote""",
+        (issue_id, user_id, vote)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def list_comments(conn: AsyncConnection, issue_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT c.id, c.parent_id, c.user_id, c.body, c.is_deleted, c.created_at, c.updated_at
+           FROM issue_comments c
+           WHERE c.issue_id = %s
+           ORDER BY c.created_at ASC""",
+        (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {
+            "id": r[0], "parent_id": r[1], "user_id": r[2],
+            "body": "[silindi]" if r[4] else r[3],
+            "is_deleted": r[4], "created_at": r[5], "updated_at": r[6],
+        }
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+async def add_comment(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    issue_id: int,
+    user_id: int,
+    body: str,
+    parent_id: int | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM issues WHERE id = %s", (issue_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Sorun bulunamadı")
+
+    if parent_id:
+        parent = await (await conn.execute(
+            "SELECT id FROM issue_comments WHERE id = %s AND issue_id = %s AND NOT is_deleted",
+            (parent_id, issue_id)
+        )).fetchone()
+        if not parent:
+            raise ValueError("Yanıt verilen yorum bulunamadı")
+
+    result = await (await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO issue_comments (issue_id, user_id, body, parent_id)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)
+           RETURNING id, created_at""",
+        (issue_id, user_id, body, parent_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": result[0], "created_at": result[1]}
+
+
+async def delete_comment(conn: AsyncConnection, comment_id: int, user_id: int, is_admin: bool) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT user_id FROM issue_comments WHERE id = %s AND NOT is_deleted",
+        (comment_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Yorum bulunamadı")
+    if not is_admin and row[0] != user_id:
+        raise PermissionError("Bu yorumu silme yetkiniz yok")
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE issue_comments SET is_deleted = TRUE, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+        (comment_id,)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"ok": True}
diff --git a/mm_api/services/kyc.py b/mm_api/services/kyc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52bdff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/kyc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+import hashlib
+import os
+import secrets
+import shutil
+from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
+from pathlib import Path
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import AESGCM
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+UPLOAD_DIR  = Path(os.getenv("UPLOAD_DIR", "/opt/mm/uploads/kyc"))
+VIEW_TOKEN_TTL = timedelta(minutes=10)
+
+# AES-256-GCM — 32 byte key, hex encoded in env
+_raw_key = bytes.fromhex(os.getenv("KYC_ENCRYPTION_KEY", "0" * 64))
+_aesgcm  = AESGCM(_raw_key)
+
+
+# --- Şifreleme yardımcıları ---
+
+def _encrypt(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    nonce = secrets.token_bytes(12)
+    return nonce + _aesgcm.encrypt(nonce, data, None)
+
+
+def _decrypt(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    return _aesgcm.decrypt(data[:12], data[12:], None)
+
+
+def _hash_tc(tc: str) -> str:
+    return hashlib.sha256(tc.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+# --- Dosya işlemleri ---
+
+def _request_dir(request_uuid: str) -> Path:
+    path = UPLOAD_DIR / request_uuid
+    path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return path
+
+
+def save_file_encrypted(request_uuid: str, filename: str, data: bytes) -> str:
+    """Dosyayı şifreli kaydeder, göreli path döner."""
+    enc = _encrypt(data)
+    path = _request_dir(request_uuid) / (filename + ".enc")
+    path.write_bytes(enc)
+    return str(path)
+
+
+def read_file_encrypted(path: str) -> bytes:
+    return _decrypt(Path(path).read_bytes())
+
+
+def delete_request_files(request_uuid: str):
+    d = UPLOAD_DIR / request_uuid
+    if d.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(d)
+
+
+# --- DB işlemleri ---
+
+async def submit(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    user_id: int,
+    tc_kimlik: str,
+    front_path: str,
+    back_path: str,
+    selfie_path: str,
+) -> dict:
+    # Aynı TC ile başka kayıtlı kullanıcı var mı?
+    tc_hash = _hash_tc(tc_kimlik)
+    existing = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM users WHERE tc_kimlik_hash = %s AND id != %s", (tc_hash, user_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if existing:
+        raise ValueError("Bu kimlik numarası başka bir hesaba kayıtlı")
+
+    # Bekleyen başvuru var mı?
+    pending = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id FROM verification_requests WHERE user_id = %s AND status = 'pending'", (user_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if pending:
+        raise ValueError("Bekleyen bir başvurunuz zaten mevcut")
+
+    tc_enc = _encrypt(tc_kimlik.encode())
+
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE users SET tc_kimlik_enc = %s, tc_kimlik_hash = %s, kyc_status = 'pending' WHERE id = %s",
+        (tc_enc, tc_hash, user_id)
+    )
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO verification_requests (user_id, id_front_path, id_back_path, selfie_path)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) RETURNING id, submitted_at""",
+        (user_id, front_path, back_path, selfie_path)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": row[0], "status": "pending", "submitted_at": row[1]}
+
+
+async def list_pending(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT vr.id, vr.user_id, u.email, vr.submitted_at, vr.rejection_count
+           FROM verification_requests vr
+           JOIN users u ON u.id = vr.user_id
+           WHERE vr.status = 'pending'
+           ORDER BY vr.submitted_at ASC"""
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {"id": r[0], "user_id": r[1], "email": r[2], "submitted_at": r[3], "rejection_count": r[4]}
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+async def get_request(conn: AsyncConnection, request_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT vr.id, vr.user_id, u.email, vr.status, vr.submitted_at,
+                  vr.id_front_path, vr.id_back_path, vr.selfie_path,
+                  vr.review_note, vr.reviewed_at, vr.rejection_count
+           FROM verification_requests vr
+           JOIN users u ON u.id = vr.user_id
+           WHERE vr.id = %s""",
+        (request_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    return {
+        "id": row[0], "user_id": row[1], "email": row[2], "status": row[3],
+        "submitted_at": row[4], "id_front_path": row[5], "id_back_path": row[6],
+        "selfie_path": row[7], "review_note": row[8], "reviewed_at": row[9],
+        "rejection_count": row[10],
+    }
+
+
+async def create_view_token(conn: AsyncConnection, request_id: int, admin_id: int) -> str:
+    token = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+    expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + VIEW_TOKEN_TTL
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO kyc_view_tokens (token, request_id, created_by, expires_at) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)",
+        (token, request_id, admin_id, expires_at)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return token
+
+
+async def consume_view_token(conn: AsyncConnection, token: str) -> dict | None:
+    """Token'ı tüketir (tek kullanımlık), geçerliyse request bilgilerini döner."""
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT request_id, expires_at, used_at
+           FROM kyc_view_tokens WHERE token = %s""",
+        (token,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    request_id, expires_at, used_at = row
+    if used_at is not None:
+        return None
+    if expires_at < datetime.now(timezone.utc):
+        return None
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE kyc_view_tokens SET used_at = NOW() WHERE token = %s", (token,)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_request(conn, request_id)
+
+
+async def approve(conn: AsyncConnection, request_id: int, reviewed_by: int) -> dict:
+    req = await get_request(conn, request_id)
+    if not req:
+        raise ValueError("Başvuru bulunamadı")
+    if req["status"] != "pending":
+        raise ValueError("Bu başvuru zaten işlenmiş")
+
+    await conn.execute(
+        """UPDATE verification_requests
+           SET status = 'approved', reviewed_by = %s, reviewed_at = NOW()
+           WHERE id = %s""",
+        (reviewed_by, request_id)
+    )
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE users SET kyc_status = 'verified', kyc_verified_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+        (req["user_id"],)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+    delete_request_files(_request_uuid(req))
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def reject(conn: AsyncConnection, request_id: int, reviewed_by: int, note: str) -> dict:
+    req = await get_request(conn, request_id)
+    if not req:
+        raise ValueError("Başvuru bulunamadı")
+    if req["status"] != "pending":
+        raise ValueError("Bu başvuru zaten işlenmiş")
+
+    await conn.execute(
+        """UPDATE verification_requests
+           SET status = 'rejected', reviewed_by = %s, reviewed_at = NOW(),
+               review_note = %s, rejection_count = rejection_count + 1
+           WHERE id = %s""",
+        (reviewed_by, note, request_id)
+    )
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE users SET kyc_status = 'rejected' WHERE id = %s",
+        (req["user_id"],)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+    delete_request_files(_request_uuid(req))
+    return {"ok": True}
+
+
+async def get_tc_kimlik(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int) -> str | None:
+    """Adli soruşturma: kullanıcının TC kimlik nosunu döner."""
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT tc_kimlik_enc FROM users WHERE id = %s", (user_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row or not row[0]:
+        return None
+    return _decrypt(bytes(row[0])).decode()
+
+
+def _request_uuid(req: dict) -> str:
+    # Dosya path'inden UUID klasör adını çıkar
+    return Path(req["id_front_path"]).parent.name
diff --git a/mm_api/services/location.py b/mm_api/services/location.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bf3973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/location.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+Lokasyon iş mantığı — her operasyon history snapshot'ı atar ve
+ilgili değişiklik tablolarını otomatik günceller.
+"""
+
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.models.location import LocationCreate, LocationRetype, LocationReparent, LocationSplitFrom, LocationMerge
+
+
+async def _snapshot(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, change_reason: str, changed_by: int | None):
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, parent_id, name, slug, type, latitude, longitude, is_active, created_at, updated_at "
+        "FROM locations WHERE id = %s",
+        (location_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        return
+    snap = {
+        "id": row[0], "parent_id": row[1], "name": row[2], "slug": row[3],
+        "type": row[4], "latitude": row[5], "longitude": row[6],
+        "is_active": row[7],
+    }
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO location_history (location_id, snapshot, change_reason, changed_by) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)",
+        (location_id, json.dumps(snap), change_reason, changed_by)
+    )
+
+
+async def create(conn: AsyncConnection, data: LocationCreate) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO locations (parent_id, name, slug, type, latitude, longitude) "
+        "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s) RETURNING *",
+        (data.parent_id, data.name, data.slug, data.type.value, data.latitude, data.longitude)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return _row_to_dict(row)
+
+
+async def get(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM locations WHERE id = %s", (location_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return _row_to_dict(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def list_children(conn: AsyncConnection, parent_id: int | None) -> list[dict]:
+    if parent_id is None:
+        rows = await (await conn.execute(
+            "SELECT * FROM locations WHERE parent_id IS NULL ORDER BY name"
+        )).fetchall()
+    else:
+        rows = await (await conn.execute(
+            "SELECT * FROM locations WHERE parent_id = %s ORDER BY name", (parent_id,)
+        )).fetchall()
+    return [_row_to_dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def retype(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, data: LocationRetype):
+    await _snapshot(conn, location_id, data.change_reason, data.changed_by)
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE locations SET type = %s, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+        (data.new_type.value, location_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def reparent(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, data: LocationReparent):
+    await _snapshot(conn, location_id, data.change_reason, data.changed_by)
+    await conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE locations SET parent_id = %s, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+        (data.new_parent_id, location_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def add_split_from(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int, data: LocationSplitFrom):
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO location_splits (location_id, source_id, effective_at, notes) "
+        "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+        (location_id, data.source_id, data.effective_at, data.notes)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def merge(conn: AsyncConnection, data: LocationMerge):
+    """
+    source_ids içindeki lokasyonları pasifleştirir, target_id'ye birleşme kaydı ekler,
+    her kaynak için location_history snapshot'ı atar.
+    """
+    for src_id in data.source_ids:
+        await _snapshot(conn, src_id, data.change_reason, data.changed_by)
+        await conn.execute(
+            "UPDATE locations SET is_active = FALSE, updated_at = NOW() WHERE id = %s",
+            (src_id,)
+        )
+        await conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO location_merges (source_id, target_id, effective_at, notes) "
+            "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+            (src_id, data.target_id, data.effective_at, data.notes)
+        )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def history(conn: AsyncConnection, location_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, location_id, snapshot, change_reason, changed_by, changed_at "
+        "FROM location_history WHERE location_id = %s ORDER BY changed_at",
+        (location_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {"id": r[0], "location_id": r[1], "snapshot": r[2],
+         "change_reason": r[3], "changed_by": r[4], "changed_at": r[5]}
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+def _row_to_dict(row) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": row[0], "parent_id": row[1], "name": row[2], "slug": row[3],
+        "type": row[4], "latitude": row[5], "longitude": row[6],
+        "is_active": row[7], "created_at": row[8], "updated_at": row[9],
+    }
diff --git a/mm_api/services/official.py b/mm_api/services/official.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f158f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/official.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+
+
+# --- Persons ---
+
+async def list_persons(conn: AsyncConnection, q: str | None = None, limit: int = 20, offset: int = 0) -> list[dict]:
+    if q:
+        rows = await (await conn.execute(
+            """SELECT id, first_name, last_name, birth_year, user_id
+               FROM persons
+               WHERE first_name ILIKE %s OR last_name ILIKE %s
+               ORDER BY last_name, first_name LIMIT %s OFFSET %s""",
+            (f"%{q}%", f"%{q}%", limit, offset)
+        )).fetchall()
+    else:
+        rows = await (await conn.execute(
+            """SELECT id, first_name, last_name, birth_year, user_id
+               FROM persons ORDER BY last_name, first_name LIMIT %s OFFSET %s""",
+            (limit, offset)
+        )).fetchall()
+    return [_person_row(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_person(conn: AsyncConnection, person_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, first_name, last_name, birth_year, user_id FROM persons WHERE id = %s",
+        (person_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return _person_row(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def create_person(conn: AsyncConnection, first_name: str, last_name: str, birth_year: int | None) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO persons (first_name, last_name, birth_year) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+        (first_name, last_name, birth_year)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_person(conn, row[0])
+
+
+async def update_person(conn: AsyncConnection, person_id: int, first_name: str | None, last_name: str | None, birth_year: int | None) -> dict:
+    updates, params = [], []
+    if first_name is not None:
+        updates.append("first_name = %s"); params.append(first_name)
+    if last_name is not None:
+        updates.append("last_name = %s"); params.append(last_name)
+    if birth_year is not None:
+        updates.append("birth_year = %s"); params.append(birth_year)
+    if not updates:
+        raise ValueError("Güncellenecek alan yok")
+    params.append(person_id)
+    await conn.execute(f"UPDATE persons SET {', '.join(updates)} WHERE id = %s", params)
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_person(conn, person_id)
+
+
+# --- Elections ---
+
+async def list_elections(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, name, held_at, type FROM elections ORDER BY held_at DESC"
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "name": r[1], "held_at": r[2], "type": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def create_election(conn: AsyncConnection, name: str, held_at: str, type_: str) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO elections (name, held_at, type) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id, name, held_at, type",
+        (name, held_at, type_)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return {"id": row[0], "name": row[1], "held_at": row[2], "type": row[3]}
+
+
+# --- Officials ---
+
+async def list_officials(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    person_id: int | None = None,
+    unit_id: int | None = None,
+    active_only: bool = False,
+    limit: int = 20,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    filters, params = [], []
+    if person_id:
+        filters.append("o.person_id = %s"); params.append(person_id)
+    if unit_id:
+        filters.append("o.unit_id = %s"); params.append(unit_id)
+    if active_only:
+        filters.append("o.ended_at IS NULL")
+    where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(filters)) if filters else ""
+    params += [limit, offset]
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        f"""SELECT o.id, o.person_id, p.first_name, p.last_name,
+                   o.unit_id, au.name AS unit_name,
+                   o.title, o.started_at, o.ended_at, o.election_id
+            FROM officials o
+            JOIN persons p ON p.id = o.person_id
+            JOIN administrative_units au ON au.id = o.unit_id
+            {where}
+            ORDER BY o.started_at DESC LIMIT %s OFFSET %s""",
+        params
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [_official_row(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_official(conn: AsyncConnection, official_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT o.id, o.person_id, p.first_name, p.last_name,
+                  o.unit_id, au.name AS unit_name,
+                  o.title, o.started_at, o.ended_at, o.election_id
+           FROM officials o
+           JOIN persons p ON p.id = o.person_id
+           JOIN administrative_units au ON au.id = o.unit_id
+           WHERE o.id = %s""",
+        (official_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return _official_row(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def create_official(
+    conn: AsyncConnection,
+    person_id: int,
+    unit_id: int,
+    title: str,
+    started_at: str,
+    election_id: int | None,
+) -> dict:
+    person = await (await conn.execute("SELECT id FROM persons WHERE id = %s", (person_id,))).fetchone()
+    if not person:
+        raise ValueError("Kişi bulunamadı")
+    unit = await (await conn.execute("SELECT id FROM administrative_units WHERE id = %s", (unit_id,))).fetchone()
+    if not unit:
+        raise ValueError("İdari birim bulunamadı")
+
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """INSERT INTO officials (person_id, unit_id, title, started_at, election_id)
+           VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s) RETURNING id""",
+        (person_id, unit_id, title, started_at, election_id)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_official(conn, row[0])
+
+
+async def close_official(conn: AsyncConnection, official_id: int, ended_at: str) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute("SELECT id, ended_at FROM officials WHERE id = %s", (official_id,))).fetchone()
+    if not row:
+        raise ValueError("Yetkili kaydı bulunamadı")
+    if row[1] is not None:
+        raise ValueError("Bu görev zaten kapatılmış")
+    await conn.execute("UPDATE officials SET ended_at = %s WHERE id = %s", (ended_at, official_id))
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_official(conn, official_id)
+
+
+async def get_person_officials(conn: AsyncConnection, person_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    return await list_officials(conn, person_id=person_id, limit=100)
+
+
+async def get_official_stats(conn: AsyncConnection, official_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT period_start, period_end, open_at_start, new_during,
+                  resolved, rejected, score, computed_at
+           FROM official_stats WHERE official_id = %s ORDER BY period_start DESC""",
+        (official_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [
+        {"period_start": r[0], "period_end": r[1], "open_at_start": r[2],
+         "new_during": r[3], "resolved": r[4], "rejected": r[5],
+         "score": float(r[6]) if r[6] else None, "computed_at": r[7]}
+        for r in rows
+    ]
+
+
+def _person_row(r) -> dict:
+    return {"id": r[0], "first_name": r[1], "last_name": r[2], "birth_year": r[3], "user_id": r[4]}
+
+
+def _official_row(r) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": r[0], "person_id": r[1],
+        "person_name": f"{r[2]} {r[3]}",
+        "unit_id": r[4], "unit_name": r[5],
+        "title": r[6], "started_at": r[7],
+        "ended_at": r[8], "election_id": r[9],
+        "is_active": r[8] is None,
+    }
diff --git a/mm_api/services/permission.py b/mm_api/services/permission.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27fa6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_api/services/permission.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from psycopg import AsyncConnection
+from mm_api.models.permission import PermissionGroupCreate, GroupPermissionAssign, UserGroupAssign
+
+
+async def can(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int, action: str, module: str, is_admin: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """
+    Kullanıcının belirtilen modül+eylem için yetkisi var mı?
+    is_admin=True → admin kapsamı (herhangi bir içerik); False → yalnızca kendi içeriği.
+    Süper kullanıcı grubundaysa is_admin değerinden bağımsız direkt True.
+    scope=FALSE olan izinler her iki durumda da geçerlidir (kendi içeriği hem admin hem normal kullanıcıya açık).
+    """
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        """
+        SELECT EXISTS (
+            SELECT 1
+            FROM user_groups ug
+            JOIN permission_groups pg ON pg.id = ug.group_id
+            LEFT JOIN group_permissions gp ON gp.group_id = pg.id
+            LEFT JOIN permissions p ON p.id = gp.permission_id
+            WHERE ug.user_id = %s
+            AND (
+                pg.is_superuser = TRUE
+                OR (
+                    p.module IN (%s, '*')
+                    AND p.action IN (%s, '*')
+                    AND (p.scope = %s OR p.scope = FALSE)
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        """,
+        (user_id, module, action, is_admin)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return row[0] if row else False
+
+
+async def user_permissions(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    """Kullanıcının sahip olduğu tüm izinleri döner."""
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """
+        SELECT DISTINCT p.module, p.action, p.description, pg.is_superuser
+        FROM user_groups ug
+        JOIN permission_groups pg ON pg.id = ug.group_id
+        LEFT JOIN group_permissions gp ON gp.group_id = pg.id
+        LEFT JOIN permissions p ON p.id = gp.permission_id
+        WHERE ug.user_id = %s
+        ORDER BY p.module, p.action
+        """,
+        (user_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    if any(r[3] for r in rows):  # süper kullanıcı grubundaysa
+        return [{"module": "*", "action": "*", "description": "Tüm izinler", "is_superuser": True}]
+    return [{"module": r[0], "action": r[1], "description": r[2], "is_superuser": False} for r in rows if r[0]]
+
+
+async def list_permissions(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, module, action, description FROM permissions ORDER BY module, action"
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "module": r[1], "action": r[2], "description": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def list_groups(conn: AsyncConnection) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, name, description, is_superuser, created_at FROM permission_groups ORDER BY name"
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [_group_row(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_group(conn: AsyncConnection, group_id: int) -> dict | None:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "SELECT id, name, description, is_superuser, created_at FROM permission_groups WHERE id = %s",
+        (group_id,)
+    )).fetchone()
+    return _group_row(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def create_group(conn: AsyncConnection, data: PermissionGroupCreate) -> dict:
+    row = await (await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO permission_groups (name, description, is_superuser) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+        (data.name, data.description, data.is_superuser)
+    )).fetchone()
+    await conn.commit()
+    return await get_group(conn, row[0])
+
+
+async def set_group_permissions(conn: AsyncConnection, group_id: int, data: GroupPermissionAssign):
+    await conn.execute("DELETE FROM group_permissions WHERE group_id = %s", (group_id,))
+    for pid in data.permission_ids:
+        await conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO group_permissions (group_id, permission_id) VALUES (%s, %s) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+            (group_id, pid)
+        )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def group_permissions(conn: AsyncConnection, group_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT p.id, p.module, p.action, p.description
+           FROM group_permissions gp
+           JOIN permissions p ON p.id = gp.permission_id
+           WHERE gp.group_id = %s ORDER BY p.module, p.action""",
+        (group_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "module": r[1], "action": r[2], "description": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+async def assign_user_to_group(conn: AsyncConnection, data: UserGroupAssign, granted_by: int):
+    await conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO user_groups (user_id, group_id, granted_by) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+        (data.user_id, data.group_id, granted_by)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def remove_user_from_group(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int, group_id: int):
+    await conn.execute(
+        "DELETE FROM user_groups WHERE user_id = %s AND group_id = %s",
+        (user_id, group_id)
+    )
+    await conn.commit()
+
+
+async def user_groups(conn: AsyncConnection, user_id: int) -> list[dict]:
+    rows = await (await conn.execute(
+        """SELECT pg.id, pg.name, pg.is_superuser, ug.granted_at
+           FROM user_groups ug
+           JOIN permission_groups pg ON pg.id = ug.group_id
+           WHERE ug.user_id = %s ORDER BY pg.name""",
+        (user_id,)
+    )).fetchall()
+    return [{"id": r[0], "name": r[1], "is_superuser": r[2], "granted_at": r[3]} for r in rows]
+
+
+def _group_row(r) -> dict:
+    return {"id": r[0], "name": r[1], "description": r[2], "is_superuser": r[3], "created_at": r[4]}
diff --git a/mm_data/migrate.py b/mm_data/migrate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01786e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_data/migrate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Migration runner — migrations/ dizinindeki SQL dosyalarını sırayla çalıştırır.
+Hangi migration'ların çalıştığını schema_migrations tablosunda tutar.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import psycopg
+from pathlib import Path
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv(Path(__file__).parent.parent / ".env")   # normal konum: new/.env
+load_dotenv(Path(__file__).parent / ".env", override=False)  # sunucu geçici konum
+
+DSN = os.environ["DATABASE_URL"]
+_base = Path(__file__).parent
+MIGRATIONS_DIR = (_base.parent / "migrations") if (_base.parent / "migrations").exists() else (_base / "migrations")
+
+
+def run():
+    with psycopg.connect(DSN) as conn:
+        conn.execute("""
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_migrations (
+                filename   TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                applied_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+            )
+        """)
+        conn.commit()
+
+        applied = {row[0] for row in conn.execute("SELECT filename FROM schema_migrations")}
+
+        files = sorted(f for f in MIGRATIONS_DIR.glob("*.sql") if f.name not in applied)
+
+        if not files:
+            print("Uygulanacak migration yok.")
+            return
+
+        for f in files:
+            print(f"  → {f.name} ...", end=" ", flush=True)
+            sql = f.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+            conn.execute(sql)
+            conn.execute("INSERT INTO schema_migrations (filename) VALUES (%s)", (f.name,))
+            conn.commit()
+            print("OK")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run()
diff --git a/mm_data/seed_admin_units.py b/mm_data/seed_admin_units.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a19711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_data/seed_admin_units.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Türkiye idari birim tiplerini ve büyükşehir/il belediyelerini seed eder.
+"""
+
+import os
+import psycopg
+from pathlib import Path
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+_here = Path(__file__).parent
+load_dotenv(_here.parent / ".env")
+load_dotenv(_here / ".env", override=False)
+
+DSN = os.environ["DATABASE_URL"]
+
+UNIT_TYPES = [
+    ("Büyükşehir Belediyesi",       "buyuksehir-belediyesi",    "5216 sayılı Kanun kapsamındaki büyükşehir belediyeleri"),
+    ("İl Belediyesi",               "il-belediyesi",            "Büyükşehir olmayan illerin merkez belediyesi"),
+    ("İlçe Belediyesi",             "ilce-belediyesi",          "İlçe sınırları içindeki belediye"),
+    ("Belde Belediyesi",            "belde-belediyesi",         "Nüfusu 5000 ve üzeri belde belediyeleri"),
+    ("Valilik",                     "valilik",                  "İl mülki idare amirliği"),
+    ("Kaymakamlık",                 "kaymakamlık",              "İlçe mülki idare amirliği"),
+    ("Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi",  "buyuksehir-ilce-belediyesi", "Büyükşehir sınırları içindeki ilçe belediyeleri"),
+    ("Köy Muhtarlığı",              "koy-muhtarligi",           "Köy yönetim birimi"),
+    ("Mahalle Muhtarlığı",          "mahalle-muhtarligi",       "Mahalle yönetim birimi"),
+    ("İl Özel İdaresi",             "il-ozel-idaresi",          "İl genelinde hizmet veren idare"),
+    ("Karayolları Bölge Müdürlüğü", "karayollari-bolge-mudurlugu", "Devlet ve il yolları sorumluluğu"),
+    ("DSİ Bölge Müdürlüğü",         "dsi-bolge-mudurlugu",      "Su işleri bölge yönetimi"),
+    ("Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü",     "orman-isletme-mudurlugu",  "Orman alanları yönetimi"),
+    ("Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü",      "milli-egitim-mudurlugu",   "İl/ilçe eğitim yönetimi"),
+    ("Sağlık Müdürlüğü",            "saglik-mudurlugu",         "İl sağlık hizmetleri yönetimi"),
+]
+
+# 2014'ten itibaren büyükşehir olan 30 il
+BUYUKSEHIR_ILLER = [
+    "Adana", "Ankara", "Antalya", "Aydın", "Balıkesir", "Bursa", "Denizli",
+    "Diyarbakır", "Erzurum", "Eskişehir", "Gaziantep", "Hatay", "İstanbul",
+    "İzmir", "Kahramanmaraş", "Kayseri", "Kocaeli", "Konya", "Malatya",
+    "Manisa", "Mardin", "Mersin", "Muğla", "Ordu", "Sakarya", "Samsun",
+    "Şanlıurfa", "Tekirdağ", "Trabzon", "Van",
+]
+
+
+def run():
+    with psycopg.connect(DSN) as conn:
+        # Tipler
+        existing_types = {
+            row[0] for row in conn.execute("SELECT slug FROM administrative_unit_types")
+        }
+        inserted_types = 0
+        for name, slug, desc in UNIT_TYPES:
+            if slug not in existing_types:
+                conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO administrative_unit_types (name, slug, description) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)",
+                    (name, slug, desc)
+                )
+                inserted_types += 1
+
+        conn.commit()
+        print(f"Birim tipleri: {inserted_types} yeni eklendi.")
+
+        # Tip ID'lerini al
+        types = {
+            row[1]: row[0]
+            for row in conn.execute("SELECT id, slug FROM administrative_unit_types")
+        }
+
+        # Büyükşehir ve il belediyeleri
+        existing_units = {
+            row[0] for row in conn.execute("SELECT name FROM administrative_units")
+        }
+
+        # Tüm illeri çek
+        iller = {
+            row[0]: row[1]
+            for row in conn.execute(
+                "SELECT name, id FROM locations WHERE type = 'il' ORDER BY name"
+            )
+        }
+
+        inserted_units = 0
+        for il_name, loc_id in iller.items():
+            is_bs = il_name in BUYUKSEHIR_ILLER
+
+            if is_bs:
+                unit_name = f"{il_name} Büyükşehir Belediyesi"
+                type_id   = types["buyuksehir-belediyesi"]
+                tarih     = "2014-03-30"
+            else:
+                unit_name = f"{il_name} İl Belediyesi"
+                type_id   = types["il-belediyesi"]
+                tarih     = "1984-01-01"
+
+            if unit_name not in existing_units:
+                unit_id = conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO administrative_units (type_id, name, established_at) "
+                    "VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+                    (type_id, unit_name, tarih)
+                ).fetchone()[0]
+
+                # İle bağla
+                conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO location_administrative_units (location_id, unit_id, valid_from) "
+                    "VALUES (%s, %s, %s)",
+                    (loc_id, unit_id, tarih)
+                )
+
+                # Büyükşehirde tüm ilçeleri de bağla
+                if is_bs:
+                    ilceler = conn.execute(
+                        "SELECT id FROM locations WHERE parent_id = %s AND type = 'ilce'",
+                        (loc_id,)
+                    ).fetchall()
+                    for (ilce_id,) in ilceler:
+                        conn.execute(
+                            "INSERT INTO location_administrative_units (location_id, unit_id, valid_from) "
+                            "VALUES (%s, %s, %s)",
+                            (ilce_id, unit_id, tarih)
+                        )
+
+                inserted_units += 1
+
+            # Valilik — her il için
+            valilik_name = f"{il_name} Valiliği"
+            if valilik_name not in existing_units:
+                v_id = conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO administrative_units (type_id, name, established_at) "
+                    "VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+                    (types["valilik"], valilik_name, "1923-10-29")
+                ).fetchone()[0]
+                conn.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO location_administrative_units (location_id, unit_id, valid_from) "
+                    "VALUES (%s, %s, %s)",
+                    (loc_id, v_id, "1923-10-29")
+                )
+                inserted_units += 1
+
+        conn.commit()
+        print(f"İdari birimler: {inserted_units} yeni eklendi.")
+
+        total = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM administrative_units").fetchone()[0]
+        print(f"Toplam idari birim: {total}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run()
diff --git a/mm_data/seed_locations.py b/mm_data/seed_locations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f69d415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm_data/seed_locations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Eski CI4 backup'ından il ve ilçeleri yeni locations tablosuna aktarır.
+"""
+
+import os
+import re
+import unicodedata
+import psycopg
+from pathlib import Path
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv(Path(__file__).parent.parent / ".env")
+load_dotenv(Path(__file__).parent / ".env", override=False)
+
+DSN = os.environ["DATABASE_URL"]
+_here = Path(__file__).parent
+BACKUP = next(
+    p for p in [
+        _here.parent.parent / "locations_backup.sql",  # normal: new/../locations_backup.sql
+        _here.parent / "locations_backup.sql",          # sunucu geçici
+        _here / "locations_backup.sql",                 # aynı dizin
+    ]
+    if p.exists()
+)
+
+
+def slugify(text: str) -> str:
+    text = text.lower()
+    text = text.replace("ı", "i").replace("ğ", "g").replace("ü", "u")
+    text = text.replace("ş", "s").replace("ö", "o").replace("ç", "c")
+    text = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", text)
+    text = "".join(c for c in text if unicodedata.category(c) != "Mn")
+    text = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]+", "-", text).strip("-")
+    return text
+
+
+def parse_inserts(sql: str, table: str):
+    pattern = rf"INSERT INTO public\.{table} VALUES \((.+?)\);"
+    rows = []
+    for m in re.finditer(pattern, sql):
+        parts = [p.strip().strip("'") for p in m.group(1).split(", ", 2)]
+        rows.append(parts)
+    return rows
+
+
+def run():
+    sql = BACKUP.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    provinces = parse_inserts(sql, "locations_province")   # (id, name, plate_no)
+    districts = parse_inserts(sql, "locations_district")   # (id, name, province_id)
+
+    with psycopg.connect(DSN) as conn:
+        existing = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM locations").fetchone()[0]
+        if existing > 0:
+            print(f"locations tablosunda zaten {existing} kayıt var, atlanıyor.")
+            return
+
+        # Türkiye kök kaydı
+        tr_id = conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO locations (name, slug, type) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+            ("Türkiye", "turkiye", "ulke")
+        ).fetchone()[0]
+
+        # İller — eski id → yeni id eşlemesi
+        province_id_map = {}
+        for old_id, name, _ in provinces:
+            slug = slugify(name)
+            new_id = conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO locations (parent_id, name, slug, type) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) RETURNING id",
+                (tr_id, name, slug, "il")
+            ).fetchone()[0]
+            province_id_map[old_id] = new_id
+
+        # İlçeler — slug = il_slug-ilce_slug (teklik garantisi)
+        province_slug_map = {old_id: slugify(name) for old_id, name, _ in provinces}
+        used_slugs = set()
+        for _, name, province_old_id in districts:
+            parent_id = province_id_map.get(province_old_id)
+            if not parent_id:
+                print(f"  ⚠ İlçe '{name}' için province_id={province_old_id} bulunamadı, atlandı.")
+                continue
+            il_slug = province_slug_map.get(province_old_id, province_old_id)
+            base_slug = f"{il_slug}-{slugify(name)}"
+            slug = base_slug
+            counter = 1
+            while slug in used_slugs:
+                counter += 1
+                slug = f"{base_slug}-{counter}"
+            used_slugs.add(slug)
+            conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO locations (parent_id, name, slug, type) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)",
+                (parent_id, name, slug, "ilce")
+            )
+
+        conn.commit()
+        total = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM locations").fetchone()[0]
+        print(f"Tamamlandı: {total} lokasyon eklendi (1 ülke, {len(provinces)} il, {len(districts)} ilçe).")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run()